Abstract
A meniscus of plasma-beam boundary in H− ion sources largely affects the extracted H− ion beam optics. Recently it is shown that the beam halo is mainly caused by the meniscus, i.e. ion emissive surface, close to the plasma grid (PG) where its curvature is large. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of H− surface production rate on plasma meniscus and beam halo formation with PIC (particle-in-cell) modeling. It is shown that the plasma meniscus and beam halo formation is strongly dependent on the amount of surface produced H− ions.
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