Abstract
We have investigated the interactions between phospholipid monolayers and volatile anest-hatics. Two monolayers (dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) and two anesthetics (halothane and enflurane) were used to observe these interac-tions using a highly sensitive quartz crystal microbalance (HS-QCM). The concentration of each anesthetic in aqueous solution was kept at 4 mM. The frequency of QCM showed no change when halothane was added to the DHP monolayer, however, it responded and de-creased when interaction occurred with DPPC monolayer. In case of enflurane addition the frequency decreased in both the monolayers of DHP and DPPC. The frequency change followed the following order of monolayer-anesthetic interactions: DHP-halothane <DPPC-halothane <DHP-enflurane <DPPC-enflurane. These re-sults showed that the response of anesthetics to the monolayers i.e. the physisorption not only depends on the anesthetic structure, the type of anesthetic hydrate formed, but also the hydrophilic polar group structure of the monolayer or the monolayer/water interface had an important role in physisorption.
Highlights
Intermolecular interactions: hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, van der Waals interaction play an important role in various cellular functions such as the construction of tertiary structures of protein, the hybridization of DNA, the molecular recognition of membranes, and the transportation of nutrients and medicines [1,2,3]
The concentration of each anesthetic dissolved in an aqueous solution was 4 mM
Because the stirring bar was stirred gently in the water (1 r/s), the delayed response > 1 h is due to the time required for diffusion of the halothane molecules from the bulk solution to the dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) monolayer/water interface [13,15,16,21]
Summary
Intermolecular interactions: hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, van der Waals interaction play an important role in various cellular functions such as the construction of tertiary structures of protein, the hybridization of DNA, the molecular recognition of membranes, and the transportation of nutrients and medicines [1,2,3]. The phenomenon of the interaction between a biomembrane and an anesthetic is considered to be in the category of the above mentioned interactions. Anesthetics have structures containing moieties: hydroxyl, ether, chloroform, etc. Anesthetic phenomenon occurs at high body concentrations in the order of millimol (mM); the effect of anesthetic is reversibility depending on the medication concentration [4,5]. The anesthetic potency is temperature dependent [6,7,8]. The mechanism of anesthesia has been regarded as “physisorption phenomenon” in which an anesthetic aggregation acts indirectly at the interface of biomembrane-body fluid [9]
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