Abstract
Despite the development of the dental industry, the prevalence of dental hypersensitivity does not decrease but increases at a progressive rate. Given the above, the subject of our research was the development of dental medicinal films with micronized calcium hydroxyapatite under the trade name «Kalident Powder 100» (Kalichem, Italy) for the treatment of dental hyperesthesia and caries prevention. To establish the optimal method of calcium hydroxyapatite introduction into the dental film, it was necessary to study the influence of different dispersion mediums on the physicochemical characteristics of the substance under study.
 Purified water, ethyl alcohol 96%, polysorbate 80, glycerol, polyethylene oxide-400, propylene glycol, sunflower oil, vaseline oil were used as dispersion medium in the studies. Research of physico-chemical characteristics was performed both for the substance «Kalident Powder 100» separately and for its mixtures with the studied liquids and their combinations (in a ratio of 1:1). The following physico-chemical characteristics have been determined: disperse and diffraction analysis of particle size distribution, morphological description, linear dimensions, shape factor, volume coefficient, Martin and Ferret diameters, wettability.
 The results of crystallographic and disperse analysis have revealed the polydispersity of the substance «Kalident Powder 100» and its high ability to agglomerate, which may adversely affect the homogeneity of its distribution in the dental medicinal product. A study of the effect of different dispersion medium on the physicochemical characteristics of calcium hydroxyapatite has shown a positive effect of hydrophilic liquids on the wettability of powder particles, changes in their shape, size, and distribution in the studied samples. It has been established that the combination of the substance «Kalident Powder 100» with combined solvent systems containing purified water, polysorbate 80, glycerol, and PEO-400, allows achieving optimal shape and particle size of calcium hydroxyapatite with their uniform distribution throughout the liquid, which is also confirmed by the results of laser diffraction. The obtained results will be used in further research on the development of dental medicinal film.
Highlights
Despite the development of the dental industry, the prevalence of diseases of the hard tissues of the teeth does not decrease but increases at a progressive rate [1, 2]
There is no clear maximum in the diagram, there is a large area between the differential curve and the abscissa, which indicates the presence in the powder of an almost equal ratio of particles of all fractions
It has been established that a rational approach to remineralization of teeth, restoration of enamel microcracks, and reduction of dentin sensitivity is the use of a micronized form of calcium hydroxyapatite, the main components of which are calcium and phosphorus – elements responsible for mineralization, integrity, and hardness of teeth
Summary
Despite the development of the dental industry, the prevalence of diseases of the hard tissues of the teeth does not decrease but increases at a progressive rate [1, 2]. An extremely common phenomenon that accompanies many dental diseases is dental hypersensitivity or hyperesthesia, which is manifested by pain, discomfort and leads to deterioration of the patient’s quality of life [3, 4] In many respects, this situation is connected with both the lack of preventive measures and the lack of professional medicinal products that can effectively protect teeth from the aggressive effects of external factors. The use of fluorine does not give a permanent effect, which requires the repetition of courses The latter circumstance increases the risk of intoxication with fluorine compounds, which can lead to darkening of tooth enamel and pathology of the skeletal and central nervous systems [11]. Many compounds that are part of dental drugs are not able to provide a stable therapeutic and prevention effect due to their low penetration into the hard tissues of the tooth
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