Study of Per Se Performance and Heterosis for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)

B.B Chauhan,R.N Patel,R A Gami,K P Prajapati,J R Patel

doi:10.12944/carj.7.3.16

B.B Chauhan, R.N Patel + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.12944/carj.7.3.16

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Abstract

The phenomenon of heterosis has provided the most important genetic tools in improving yield of crop plants. Identification of specific parental combination capable of producing the highest level of heterotic effects in F1 has immense value for commercial exploitation of heterosis. The experimental material consisted of eight parents (including check G.TIL 4) and their 28 half-diallel crosses. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences due to genotypes for all the traits. On the basis of mean values, the parents G.TIL 10, G.TIL 4 and SKT 1607 recorded maximum seed yield per plant. G.TIL 10 was top ranking for number of effective branches per plant. This parental genotype also expressed good performance for various yield components, viz., number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%) and oil content (%).The parent SKT 1608 found better for earliness, dwarfness and 1000 seed weight (g). While in case of hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2, SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 and SKT 1607 × G.TIL 2 were the best for seed yield per plant. Among the 28 F1 hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2 and SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 manifested significant positive heterosis for seed yield per plant over better parent and standard check (G.TIL 4) These two crosses also exhibited either of the significant positive heterosis for various component traits viz., plant height (cm), capsule length (cm), number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%), 1000 seed weight (g), oil content (%) and leaf area per plant (cm2).

Highlights

IntroductionThere are three cytogenetic groups of which 2n = 26 consist of the cultivated S. indicum along with S. alatum, S. capense, S. schenckii, S. malabaricum; 2n = 32 consist of S. prostrate, S. laciniatum, S. angolense, S. angustifolium; while S. radiatum, S. occidentale and S. schinzianum belong to 2n = 64 group.[1] Among the cultivated group of species, the S. indicum is widely cultivated at globally
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.; 2n = 2x = 26) globally known as ‘sesame’, in India it is commonly known as ‘Til’ belongs to order Lamiales and family Pedaliaceae
The observations were recorded both as visual assessment and measurement on randomly selected five competitive individual plants (plant height, number of effective branch per plant, number of capsule per plant, capsule length, number of seed per capsule, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant, harvest index (%) and oil content (%)

Summary

Introduction

There are three cytogenetic groups of which 2n = 26 consist of the cultivated S. indicum along with S. alatum, S. capense, S. schenckii, S. malabaricum; 2n = 32 consist of S. prostrate, S. laciniatum, S. angolense, S. angustifolium; while S. radiatum, S. occidentale and S. schinzianum belong to 2n = 64 group.[1] Among the cultivated group of species, the S. indicum is widely cultivated at globally. It is one of the oldest and most important traditional oilseed crops of the world. It is cultivated in an area of 13.98 lakh hectares in India with an annual production of 4.18 lakh tonnes and productivity of 291 kg ha-1, While in Gujarat an estimated area is 1.09 lakh ha with annual production of 0.78 lakh tonnes and productivity of 723 kg/ha.[3]

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