Study of optical coherence tomography classification and outcome of intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in diabetic macular edema

Abstract

Diabetic macular edema is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetes. OCT is a non-invasive and non-contact imaging modality that gives high-resolution images of the retina. OCT helps in early diagnosis of macular edema, to classify diabetic macular edema quantitatively, to decide the treatment option and assessing visual prognosis. Aim of this study was to analyse the different patterns of diabetic macular edema in OCT and to observe the visual outcome of intravitreal anti-VEGF injection. All patients who were attending ophthalmology OPD in Tirunelveli medical college hospital with diabetic macular edema from January 2019 to July 2019 were included in the study. Patients with macular edema other than diabetes, OCT with poor signal strength less than 5 were excluded. Patients were subjected to a detailed history, examination with Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Fundus examination with +90 D lens, Oct was taken in patients with macular edema. Macular cube, OCT classified type of macular edema, Central macular thickness value, quadrant wise distribution of edema, cube average thickness were measured. The number of Anti-VEGF injections and its effect on various types of macular edema was measured. The most common age group is between 41-50 years, males were more than females. The most common type of macular edema is CME (38.5%). There was a significant reduction in macular edema and improvement in visual acuity between pre and post-injection in Cystoid macular edema and diffuse retinal thickness. OCT is an essential tool for the quantitative assessment of macular edema. It helps in deciding treatment modalities, explaining prognosis to patients and predicting the visual outcome.