Study of onychomycosis in Córdoba, Spain: prevailing fungi and pattern of infection.

Abstract

From a total of 20,004 patients seen during two years, we carried out a mycologic nail investigation (direct microscopy and repeated cultures). Ninety-three (43.2%) of the nails were judged to be infected by their clinical appearance. They fulfilled the laboratory criteria required to start antifungal treatment (isolation of the same fungus in culture on two consecutive occasions), but only in 64 cases (29.7%) was there a clinical and mycological recovery once antifungal treatment and follow up were completed. yeasts were isolated in two thirds of the cases of onychomycosis, mainly from fingernails. Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis or both were the most prevalent species. Dermatophytes were found in 18.8% of the samples, especially from toenails. Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant species. Non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi were cultured in 17.2%, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis being the most prevalent species. The highest prevalence of onychomycosis was found in patients between 50 and 70 years of age. Females were affected more frequently than males. Fingernails were affected more frequently than toenails. Proximal subungual onychomycosis, secondary to paronychia (PSOp), was the most prevalent clinical type, although primary distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) and total dystrophic onychomycosis (TDO) were also frequent. PSOp was only observed in fingernails, while DLSO was almost only seen in toenails and TDO in both fingernails and toenails. All the clinical types were more frequent in women except TDO, which showed a similar prevalence in both sexes.