Study of Oligohydramnios Cases by Modified Biophysical Profile & Their Perinatal Outcome

Abstract

Background:Assessment of foetal wellbeing is important, in timely diagnosis of foetalcompromise and management. Oligohydramnios is associated with increasedincidence of adverse perinatal outcomes like foetal distress, meconium stained liquor, lowAPGAR score, low birth weight, NICU admission, perinatal morbidity and mortality.Foetal biophysical profile is a well-established method of antepartumsurveillance. Classical biophysical profile needs two phase testing by ultrasound and external doppler monitor to record foetal heart rate, is more cumbersome, time consuming and expensive. The modified biophysical profile (MBPP) suggested by Nageotte et al combines non stress test (NST) as a short term marker of foetal status and the amniotic fluid index (AFI) as marker of long term placental function is easier to perform and less time consuming than classical biophysical profile. Objectives: 1) To assess the role of modified biophysical profile as a method ofantepartum foetalsurveillance test in predicting perinatal outcome in oligohydramnios cases. 2) To compare the morbidity and mortality with respect to each of the parameters ofmodified biophysical profile, that is NST and AFI individually. Methods:This study was a prospective clinical study which consisted of 60 pregnant women with oligohydramnios. The patients were evaluated with themodified biophysical profile consisting of NST recording for 20mins, followed byultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid volume, using four quadrant technique. Results: • When the Modified biophysical profile is normal, it gives reassurance that thefoetal status is good with good perinatal outcome. • When the MBPP is abnormal there is increased incidence of perinatalmorbidity as well as mortality. When considered individually, abnormal AFI was associated with increasedincidence of perinatal morbidity and abnormal NST was associated with increasedincidence of perinatal morbidity as well as perinatal mortality. Interpretation and conclusion:Modified biophysical profile is an effective method ofantepartum