Abstract
Background: Currently, the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines is assessed by detecting an increase of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies. As neuraminidase (NA)-based immunity may be significant in protecting against influenza infection, detection of neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies may improve the assessment of the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines. Methods: We investigated the immune response to NA in people after immunization with live influenza vaccines (LAIVs). A number of A/H7NX or A/H6NX viruses were used to detect NI antibodies, using an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Results: Seasonal LAIV immunization stimulated an increase in NI antibodies not only to homologous A/H1N1 influenza, but also to A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H5N1 influenza. After A/17/California/09/38 (H1N1) pdm09 LAIV vaccination, there was no statistical relationship between post-vaccinated antibody seroconversion and two surface glycoproteins in serum samples obtained from the same individuals (p = 0.24). Vaccination with LAIV of H5N2, H2N2, H7N3, and H7N9 subtypes led to 7%–29.6% NI antibody seroconversions in the absence of HI antibody conversions. There was relatively low coordination of hemagglutinin (HA) and NA antibody responses (r = 0.24–0.59). Conclusions: The previously noted autonomy for HI and NI immune responses was confirmed when assessing the immunogenicity of LAIVs. Combining the traditional HI test with the detection of NI antibodies can provide a more complete assessment of LAIV immunogenicity.
Highlights
The determination of antibodies that inhibit neuraminidase (NA) in the influenza virus is of interest to science and for clinical practice
In order to study the levels of pre-existing antibodies for potentially pandemic and pandemic viruses, we examined extended groups of unvaccinated volunteers for the presence of neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies, including the N1 of the avian influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) and the drift variant of the pandemic virus A(H1N1)pdm09—the A/South Africa/3626/2013 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus (Table 4)
We demonstrated an increase in the titers of NI antibodies to A/H5N1 virus, in patients with an increased level of NI antibodies to the H5N1 influenza. After A/17/California/09/38 (H1N1)/2009pdm09 influenza virus, and when vaccinated with a seasonal LAIV
Summary
Influenzavirus, the family Orthomyxoviridae) is of interest to science and for clinical practice. It can be used when examining the levels of collective immunity to new influenza viruses, and for assessing the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines [1]. As NA-based immunity may be significant in protection against a new antigenic variant of an influenza virus, detection of neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies may improve the study of the immunogenicity of newly developed influenza vaccines. As neuraminidase (NA)-based immunity may be significant in protecting against influenza infection, detection of neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies may improve the assessment of the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines
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