Abstract
A simple theory is proposed to predict the effect of pressure for study of volume expansion of nanomaterials. Different possible forms of equation of state are discussed with their correlations. Only two input parameters, namely, the bulk modulus and its first pressure derivative, are required for calculations. We have considered a wide variety of nanomaterials, such as, CdSe (4.2 nm), Fe-Cu (14 nm), y-Al2O3 (67 nm), y-Al2O3 (37 nm), Ni (20 nm), Fe (10 nm), CeO2 (cubic Fluorite phase) (15 nm), CeO2 (Orthorhombic Phase) (15 nm), CuO (24 nm) and TiO2 (rutile phase) (10 nm) to analyze the effect of pressure on them. The theoretical predictions for the given nanomaterials agree with the experimental results and the other theoretical models.
Highlights
The study of nanocrystalline materials with dimension less than 100 nm is the active area of research in physics, chemistry and engineering [1]
Nanomaterial is a field that takes a material science based on the approach to nanotechnology
We have considered 20 nanomaterials for this purpose, viz. CdSe (4.2 nm), Fe-Cu (14 nm), ƴ-Fe2O3 (10 nm), ƴ-Al2O3 (67 nm), ƴ-Al2O3 (37 nm), Ni (20 nm), Fe (10), CeO2 (15 nm), CeO2 (Orthorhombic Phase) (15 nm), CuO (24 nm), TiO2 (10 nm), TiO2 (40 nm), 3C-SiC (30 nm), AIN (Hexagonal wurtzite Phase) (10 nm), ƴ-Si3N4 (10 nm), AIN (Cubic rocksalt Phase) (10 nm), ZnO (10), ZnO (Rocksalt Phase) (10), SnO2 (14 nm) and SnO2 (8 nm)
Summary
The study of nanocrystalline materials with dimension less than 100 nm is the active area of research in physics, chemistry and engineering [1]. Nanomaterials differ significantly from the bulk materials by virtue of their small size. Electrical, optical and chemical properties of nanomaterials are very different at large scale. More than half of the material atoms are on the surface, increasing relative surface area and quantum effects. These factors can change or enhance the properties such as reactivity, strength, electrical and optical characteristics. Various physical properties such as hardness, melting temperature, sintering ability and electronic structure depend upon particle size [27]. Nanomaterials, nanoparticles, nanowires and nanotubes have been reported to show physical, chemical and mechanical properties that are noticeably different from their corresponding bulk counterparts
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