Study of N-acetyl transferase 2 single-gene polymorphism (rs1799931) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

Background The genetic background has emerged as a risk factor for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression. N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2), as an enzyme, plays a pivotal role in detoxifying the carcinogenic compounds. The NAT2 gene is highly polymorphic and is found to be associated with the process of tumorigenesis and the progression of many cancers.Objective This was a case–control study adopted to explore the possible association of NAT2 gene polymorphism rs1799931 (G857A) with the susceptibility of AML progression in the Egyptian cohort.Patients and methods This study was performed during the period spanning from February 2017 to December 2018 on 60 AML cases and 80 controls. NAT2 gene rs1799931 (G857A) polymorphism was genotyped by real-time PCR technique. The NAT2 genotype and allele distributions between the cases and controls were compared by χ2-test. Association strength between NAT2 gene single-gene polymorphism (rs1799931) and AML susceptibility was expressed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted to the confounding variables.Results The NAT2 rs1799931 genotypes’ and alleles’ distribution frequencies were significantly different between AML cases and controls (P<0.05). The GG genotype and G allele frequencies were significantly higher than those of the AA genotype (P=0.027) and A allele (P=0.003) in AML cases if compared with the controls. GG genotype presents a higher susceptibility to AML than the AA genotype (OR: 3.765; 95% CI: 1.167–12.15), and the G allele exhibited 2.365-folds increased adjusted risk for AML if compared with the A allele (OR: 2.365; 95% CI: 1.344–4.163).Conclusion NAT2 gene rs1799931 (G857A) is associated with increased susceptibility to AML in the Egyptian population with the GG genotype and G allele carrying a higher risk for AML. Further studies should be performed to verify the present results.