STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF PLACENTA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH MATERNAL PARAMETERS AND BIRTH WEIGHT OF NEWBORN IN ANAEMIC MOTHERS

Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal anaemia [Hb <11gm/dl]would affect the morphology and histology of placenta and and correlate it with maternal parameters and birth weight of newborn and compare this with that of non-anaemic mothers. It was a cross-sectional comparative study carried out at the maternity ward and anatomy department of NSCB MEDICAL COLLEGE JABALPUR. Background & Method: Background & Method: The study was carried out on 100 placentae, mothers and their babies. The placenta was collected from Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur. Out of 100 placentae 50 from anaemic and 50 from NON anaemic mothers. 
 As soon as the placenta was delivered, the umblical cord was cut it was put into formal saline. It was kept in a tray, to the membranes were trimmed off cord was cut about 10 cm from the insertion. The blood clots adherent to maternal surface were picked up. Morphological parameters like placental weight, volume. diameter, thickness, no of cotyledons were measured .Any abnormality like calcification, accessory lobe, haematoma, etc were noted. histological slides were made and stained with H and stain and Masson’s Trichrome stain. Result: A Macroscopic study of the placenta revealed placental weight, placental volume, diameter, placental thickness were more than non anaemic group and number of cotyledons were less in study group. Mean placental weight in study group was 474gm and in control group was 425 (p<0.05). Mean placental volume in study group & control group were 393.23and352 ml respectively (p<0.05). Mean number of cotyledons were 13.24and 16 in study & control group significant[p<0.05] and mean diameter 18.30cms and17.05cms in study and control group. Mean placental thickness 2.4cms in study and 2.1 in control group respectively. There was an accessory lobe present in one patient of anaemic group. All morphometric parameters of placenta weight, volume, diameter, thickness were increased ,no of cotyledons were reduced .Histological findings were placental tissues shows intense congestion of septal capillaries.In the present study age, parity, height, weight, built, doesn’t found to be related with morphology of placenta. Maternal blood Hb found to be +vely correlated with weight, volume, diameter, thickness and –vely correlated with no of cotyledons and birth weight of baby. Conclusion: From the study it is concluded anaemia in pregnancy affects morphology and histology of placenta and it is correlated with various maternal parameters and birth weight of baby.
 Keywords: morphology, histology, placenta, anaemia, birth weight & mothers.