Abstract
Synthetic scaffolding for bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been widely utilized. The scaffold for BTE requires sufficient porosity as a template for bone cell development and growth so that it can be used in the treatment of bone defects and fractures. Nevertheless, the porosity significantly influences the compressive strength of the scaffold. Hence, controlling the porosity is a pivotal role to obtain a proper scaffold for practical BTE application. Herein, we fabricated the nanocomposite-based scaffold utilizing nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA). The scaffold was prepared in combination with chitosan (Ch) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The ratios of n-HA, Ch, and CMC used were 40:60:0, 40:55:5, 40:50:10, 40:45:15, and 40:40:20, respectively. By controlling the Ch and CMC composition, we can tune the porosity of the nanocomposite. We found that the interpolation of the CMC prevails, as a crosslinker reinforces the nanocomposite. In addition, the binding to Ch enhanced the compressive strength of the scaffold. Thermal characteristics revealed the coefficient of thermal expansion decreases with increasing CMC content. The nanocomposite does not expand at 25–75 °C, which is suitable for human body temperature. Therefore, this nanocomposite-based scaffold is feasible for BTE application.
Highlights
Various biomedical techniques have been developed to overcome the bone defect
This is known as the minimum size required for bone cell regeneration and growth pore sizes of ~100 μm. This is known as the minimum size required for bone cell regeneration and templates [2]. These results explicitly show that the porosity decreases with increasing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) content, growth templates [2]
The composite scaffolds were evaluated for their morphology, mechanical, degradation, and thermal behavior
Summary
Various biomedical techniques have been developed to overcome the bone defect. This includes the so-called bone tissue engineering (BTE) method [1]. BTE is a principle of biological discipline and technique to create a temporary matrix. This matrix will be used as a place for bone cells to grow using a scaffold. The scaffold will act as a template for bone cell regeneration, and support the formation of new tissue [2]. The scaffold should be biodegradable, biocompatible, and osteoconductive [3]
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