Study of magnetic nanofluid flow in a square cavity under the magnetic field of a wire carrying the electric current in turbulence regime

Abstract

In this paper, hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of a magnetic nanofluid (H2O(l)-Fe3O4) in the turbulent regime (Ra > 106) are conducted. The velocity field is affected by the magnetic field of a wire carrying the electric current. The geometry of the problem is two-dimensional squares, that the left and right sides are at temperatures Th and Tc, respectively (Th>Tc). In addition, the upper and lower walls are insulated. The governing equations as continuity, momentum, and energy equation are formulated using the ferrohydrodynamic (FHD) principle for two-dimensional steady-state RANS with a turbulent V2-f model. Using the finite volume method and the SIMPLE algorithm, the model for y+<1 is discretized by coding in the C++ programming language. The single-phase simulation is performed for the range of Rayleigh(107≤Ra≤108), the volume fraction of 0⩽∅⩽0.03 with the diameter of the particles 6 nm, and the range of the magnetic numbers(0≤Mnf≤2.02×1012). The results show that the heat transfer rate increases with the increasing Rayleigh and magnetic numbers. And increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles dependent on the magnetic number that leads to a change in the heat transfer rate.