Study of leaf metabolome modifications induced by UV-C radiations in representative Vitis, Cissus and Cannabis species by LC-MS based metabolomics and antioxidant assays.

Guillaume Marti,Claudia Simoes-Pires,Yannis Andrey,Pierre-Alain Carrupt,Jean-Luc Wolfender,Sylvain Schnee,Katia Gindro

doi:10.3390/molecules190914004

Guillaume Marti, Claudia Simoes-Pires + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914004

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Abstract

UV-C radiation is known to induce metabolic modifications in plants, particularly to secondary metabolite biosynthesis. To assess these modifications from a global and untargeted perspective, the effects of the UV-C radiation of the leaves of three different model plant species, Cissus antarctica Vent. (Vitaceae), Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) and Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae), were evaluated by an LC-HRMS-based metabolomic approach. The approach enabled the detection of significant metabolite modifications in the three species studied. For all species, clear modifications of phenylpropanoid metabolism were detected that led to an increased level of stilbene derivatives. Interestingly, resveratrol and piceid levels were strongly induced by the UV-C treatment of C. antarctica leaves. In contrast, both flavonoids and stilbene polymers were upregulated in UV-C-treated Vitis leaves. In Cannabis, important changes in cinnamic acid amides and stilbene-related compounds were also detected. Overall, our results highlighted phytoalexin induction upon UV-C radiation. To evaluate whether UV-C stress radiation could enhance the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, the antioxidant activity of extracts from control and UV-C-treated leaves was measured. The results showed increased antioxidant activity in UV-C-treated V. vinifera extracts.

Highlights

Occurring compounds play an essential role in drug discovery
Fresh leaves of Vitis vinifera, Cissus antarctica and Cannabis sativa were harvested from different plantlets and exposed to UV-C radiation for 10 min since an extended period of exposition to UV will trigger drastic and irremediable damages to tissue integrity
The metabolomic modifications were found to be species-specific, but in all plants studied, the UV-C stress significantly induced greater than five-fold changes for more than 10% of the features detected

Summary

Introduction

Occurring compounds play an essential role in drug discovery. From 1981 to 2010, 64%of new approved therapeutic agents were inspired or directly derived from natural products [1,2]. The exposure of the roots of hydroponically grown plants to certain chemical agents induced the production of bioactive compounds, and the corresponding crude extracts were twice as likely to have in vitro activity against bacteria, fungi, or cancer in screening programs [9]. Abiotic stresses, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are known to stimulate plant defences and efficiently increase resistance to pathogens [10]. Other classes of secondary metabolites were up-regulated, such as sesquiterpenes (rishitin) in tomato fruits [13], or phenylamides in rice leaves [14], and the benzolactam derivative wasalexins in the leaves of Salt cress (Thellungiella halophila) [15] or alkaloid derivatives like brachycerine in Psychotria brachyceras [16]

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