STUDY OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION IN PREGNANCY AND THE MATERNAL AND PERINATAL OUTCOME IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is still one of the most common causes of foetal morbidity and mortality, as well as neonatal mortality and morbidity. It's mostly accountable for the high number of perinatal deaths. IUGR is described as a rate of foetal growth smaller than the typical growth expected during a certain gestational age and can be caused by a variety of maternal, foetal, and placental variables. Birth weight less than two standard deviations or less than the 10th percentile of the mean for a certain gestational age is considered small for gestational age (SGA). Neonatal mortality has decreased signicantly in recent decades as a result of developments in antenatal and neonatal critical care, as well as management of low birth weight babies, although stillbirth rates have remained stable. These children in the later stage of life can develop developmental delays, cerebral palsy, mental retardation and long-term health issues. In the current article, we discuss regarding the incidence of IUGR in study population, and the associated maternal diseases along with perinatal outcome. METHOD: The study was done in a peri-urban tertiary care centre in Nagpur from January 2021 till December 2021 for a duration of 1 year, where 100 women with diagnosed Intra Uterine Growth Restriction were admitted and followed up. Demographic characters were noted and maternal and fetal monitoring was done regularly. Mode of delivery was planned according to gestational age, degree of IUGR, doppler changes. Maternal and perinatal outcome and complications were noted. RESULTS: 100 cases of IUGR were recruited for the study from January 2021 till December 2021 for a duration of 1 year out of total of 1246 deliveries which were recorded in the hospital during this time period. In the present study, the incidence of IUGR was 8.02%. Pregnancy Induced Hypertension was the most signicant risk factor associated with IUGR which was 53%, followed by anaemia- 12%. Previous pregnancies which had IUGR with IUGR in this pregnancy were found in 9 patients. Of the 64 LSCS, foetal distress was the commonest indication (33 cases, 51.5%) followed by abnormal Doppler ndings (17 cases 26.5 %). 86 % of babies had asymmetric IUGR while patients with symmetric IUGR were 14%. CONCLUSION: IUGR leads to the causes of neonatal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. It can be easily assessed at an early stage. Serial clinical, ultrasonographic and doppler follow up will help in diagnosing IUGR and decision making to avoid intrauterine demise, neonatal and perinatal mortality. Surveillance of high-risk pregnancies is also required.