Study of Intra Abdominal Hydatid Cyst

Abstract

Background: Hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis) is a zoonotic infection caused by larval form of tapeworm Echinococcus Granulosus. Echinococcus infestation has been known for many centuries. Most common sites for cysts are lung and hepatic hydatidosis. They have a diverse clinical spectrum from being asymptomatic to symptoms arising due to involvement of surrounding structures or dissemination or secondary infection. Disease is endemic in Mediterranean basin, Central Asia, Africa and South America. In India, Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu predominate with incidence of hydatid disease. Hydatid disease is common in Saurashtra region due to cattle rearing and farming as occupation. It is commonly seen in the lower socioecomic strata due to poor personal hygiene and sanitation. In India the highest prevalence is reported in Andra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Jammu Kashmir. Hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease caused by echinococcus granulosus (larval stage). echinococcus granulosus and echinococcus multiformis are the two main species causing hydatid disease. Animals are the Definitive host and intermediate hosts. Humans are accidental intermediate hosts. The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, presentation patterns, type of surgical management and outcome of patient operated on for intra abdominal hydatid cyst. Materials and Methods: All the patients suffering from hydatid disease who were admitted in our hospital from May 2019 to June 2020 were included in this study. All the patients underwent thorough clinical examination with detailed history and investigation as per protocol. All patients were followed for 3 months. Inclusion Criteria: Documented intraabdominal hydatid disease. Conclusion: Hydatid disease is common in Saurashtra and Kutch regions of Gujarat & other states of India. Patients mostly present at the age group of 20-40 years. Sex distribution is equal. Occupation like agriculturist, residing in rural areas and low socioecomomic status are considered to be risk factor for hydatid disease. Most commonly involved organ was liver followed by peritoneal involvement followed by spleen. Most common lobe involved was right lobe. Gharbi type 2 cysts are common. Most common treatment modality is surgical with medical management only reserved for small cysts. Decompression of cyst with deroofing and omentoplasty/ capitonnage was the commonest procedure adopted to deal with hydatid disease.