Abstract
Nowadays, safety and quality assessment of food used for human consumption have to consider by its possible contribution to the maintenance or improvement of the consumer's health. Milk is an important food with many nutrients. Cow milk is an important source of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals for the growing child as well as adults. But, numerous cow milk proteins have been implicated in allergic responses and most of these have been shown to contain multiple allergic epitopes. The present study disclosed best alternatives to cow milk, which are not allergic and as good as cow milk in nutritional value. The in silico analysis of casein (alpha s1, alpha s2, beta and kappa) and beta-lactoglobulin, unveils that sheep milk is a more suitable alternate to cow milk for allergic infants and buffalo milk for allergic adult humans.
Highlights
Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals and is an important food with many nutrients
The best nutritional option for newborn infants is mother’s milk; some infants may not be exclusively breast fed during the first month of life. Another substitute must be provided for cow milk. This substitution results in an allergic disease known as cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) in 2-6% of children [2]
The casein fraction is composed of alpha s1, alpha s2, beta and kappa-casein, of which alpha-s1 casein seems to be a major allergen according to immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T-cell recognition data [11,12,13,14]
Summary
Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals and is an important food with many nutrients. Repeat skin testing was performed at age 2 years of children and continued to be positive for cow milk but children found to be negative for skin prick tested to water buffalo milk based yogurt [19]. On these bases, selection of suitable milk for consumption is an important target for nutritionist and pediatricians. The present study leads to evaluate the suitability of buffalo and sheep milk for nutrition to the people and children allergic to cow milk by study of amino acid composition, secondary structure, CLUSTALW2 analysis and phylogenetic relationship of Cow, Goat, Sheep and Buffalo milk whey proteins. A rooted tree was plotted using NJ plot software package [21] and distance matrix was calculated between each selected species [22]
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