Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate heterotic in bread wheat during crop season 2016-2017. Six parents of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed in a half diallel design and their fifteen the first filial genration (F1s) were evaluated for heterosis for yield traits. The traits included: Days to 50% heading, Days to 75% maturity, Plant height (cm), Tillers plant-1, Peduncle length (cm), Spike length (cm), Spikelets spike-1, Grains spike-1, Grain weight spike-1 (g), Seed index (1000-grain weight, g) and Grain yield plant-1 (g). The analysis of variance due to genotypes, parents, hybrids and parents vs. hybrids were significant for all the characters which showed the presence of the significant amount of variability among parents, their hybrids and among parents vs. hybrids for all characters studied. Heterotic effects, the cross combinations such as WL-711 x Aas-2011 followed by Janbaz x Aas-2011 by expressing maximum desirable negative relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis were found advantageous for days to 50% heading and days to 75% maturity; Janbaz x Aas-2011 exhibited desirable negative heterosis for plant height; Sunco x Marvi-2000 followed by Sunco x Janbaz manifested desirable positive heterosis for tillers plant-1; Sunco x Janbaz for peduncle length, spike length and grain yield plant-1; Janbaz x Marvi-2000 for spikelets spike-1 and grains spike-1; Sunco x Pak-81 for grain weight spike-1 and seed index. The superiority of the above crosses over their better parents indicated their worth for hybrid crop development. Keywords: Bread wheat; Diallel; F1 hybrids; Heterobeltiosis; Relative heterosis http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80119
Highlights
Important to add to its use for bread large quantities of wheat are used for unleavened bread, such as Chapati in Pakistan and India, for confectionery and for products from semolina
For providing food to rising human population, it is predicted that in 2030, the world wheat production will reach 100 million metric tons to accomplish this target and production of wheat should be raised at the pace of 1 million metric tons per annum [3]
Six parents were crossed in halfdiallel mating fashion; fifteen possible cross combinations (F1s) were obtained
Summary
Wheat is the most widely grown crop in the of all arable land in the world is under wheat. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) It is one. This is the most demanded food grain and its of the first domesticated food crops and has production is ahead of all crops, including been the staple food of the main civilizations rice, corn, and potatoes. As food for of Europe, West Asia, and North Africa for humans, is valued for its taste and as a source The concept of hybrid vigor or heterosis was described by [10]
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