Abstract
In this work, we studied the filtration behavior, with regard to the head loss, of four calibrated Togo Rivers sands compared to that of a reference filter sand imported from Europe. The objective is to determine the suitability of local rivers sands as filter sands for water treatment plants. The sands were successively loaded into a filtration pilot and subjected, during at least 20 hours, to the filtration of water whose turbidity was maintained at around 20 NTU. The results show that the average deviations of the head loss profiles as a function of depth, calculated in relation to the head loss recorded on the reference sand, at the same filtration time t=20h, are small and vary from 2 cm to 8 cm. In the same way, the curves of the head loss as a function of time are quite close to the one observed for the reference sand. Examination of the clogging front after 20 hours of filtration reveals that the progression is either the same or greater and reached 20 cm in depth at the same time. This study can be extended to other rivers sand samples and by varying the turbidity and the filtration rate. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091682 Full Text: PDF
Highlights
In order to meet the many challenges related to universal access to drinking water, developing countries need to optimize the investment costs of drinking water production facilities
The average deviations of the head loss profiles as a function of depth, calculated in relation to the head loss recorded on the reference sand, at the same time, are small and vary from 2 cm for the Dagué sand to 8 cm for the 4th Lake (Adakpame) sand
The filtering capacities study of the samples, subjected to the pilot filtration test, showed that the river sands, calibrated according to the properties of the reference filter sand, have curves of head loss variation versus depth that follow the same function as the reference sand
Summary
In order to meet the many challenges related to universal access to drinking water, developing countries need to optimize the investment costs of drinking water production facilities. The present work aims to study the filtering capacities of Togolese four river sand samples that have been previously calibrated according to the characteristics of a reference filter sand, imported from Europe and used in a drinking water treatment plant in Togo. From data on head losses resulting from experimentation under the same conditions, on a filtration pilot, the evolution of the head loss as a function of time and depth in the filtering beds made up of these materials was studied The analysis of these data allowed a better understanding, with regard to the pressure drop, of the real filtration performances of the local materials studied, in comparison with the data recorded on the reference filter sand
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