Study of genetic and phenotype correlations and heritability for twelve varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting under different environmental of Basrah

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during the winter seasons (2016-2017& 2017-2018) in three locations in Basrah Governorate: AL-Daire, the Qurna site and the location of the AL- Madina (Marsh areas), to analysis of genetic stability of wheat cultivars and identify the high stability of grain yield. The experiment included twelve cultivars of wheat (Abu Graib-3, Fatih, Rasheed, Furat, Latifih, Tammoz-2, Baraka, IPA -95 and IBA -99, Bhooth-10, Bhooth- 22 and Bhooth-158). Grain yield showed a positive and highly significant genetic correlation with the characteristics of flag leaf area, the spike length, the tillernumber, the spike efficiency, the number of spike, and number of seed per spike of 0.498, 0.523, 0.698, 0.598, 0.702 and 0.693 respectively. The grain yield showed a positive and highly significant phenotypic correlation with the characteristics flag leaf area, the length of the spike, the number of tillers, spike fficiency, the number of spike and the number of spike grains of 0.506, 0.579, 0.786, 0.671, 0.801 and 0.763 respectively. The genetic environmental and phenotypic variations of cereal yield varied from 0.295, 0.064 and 0.359 respectively. The highest percentage of the heritability in the broad sense reached 94.572% in the number of days from planting up to 50% of spikes, while the harvest index registered the lowest the percentage reached 39.401%, and the grain yield gavin percentage of 82.172%.