Abstract
In the present work, gadolinium substitution effects on the properties of yttrium manganite YxGd1−xMn0.97Fe0.03O3 (x from 0 to 1 with a step of 0.2) synthesized by an aqueous sol–gel method have been investigated. Partial substitution of Mn3+ by 57Fe3+ in the manganite was also performed in order to investigate deeper the structural properties of synthesized compounds applying Mössbauer spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that substitution of Y3+ by Gd3+ ions leads to the changes of structural, magnetic and morphological properties of investigated system. The crystal structure gradually transformed from hexagonal to orthorhombic with an increase of Gd3+ content in the crystal lattice. The mixed phase was obtained when x = 0.6, whereas other compounds were determined to be monophasic. Magnetization measurements revealed paramagnetic behavior of all specimens, however magnetization values were found to be dependent on chemical composition of the samples. Solid solutions with orthorhombic structure revealed higher magnetization values compared to those of hexagonal samples. The highest magnetization was observed for pure GdMn0.97Fe0.03O3. Structural properties were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. Morphological features of the synthesized specimens were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Highlights
In the present work, gadolinium substitution effects on the properties of yttrium manganite YxGd1−xMn0.97Fe0.03O3 (x from 0 to 1 with a step of 0.2) synthesized by an aqueous sol–gel method have been investigated
A series of YxGd1−xMn0.97Fe0.03O3 (x from 0 to 1 with a step of 0.2) powders has been synthesized by an aqueous sol–gel method, and gadolinium substitution effects in yttrium manganite were investigated
The results of FTIR and Raman spectroscopies were in good agreement with ones obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis
Summary
Gadolinium substitution effects on the properties of yttrium manganite YxGd1−xMn0.97Fe0.03O3 (x from 0 to 1 with a step of 0.2) synthesized by an aqueous sol–gel method have been investigated. Orthorhombic GdMnO3 is another multiferroic rare-earth manganite, which shows few temperature-dependent magnetic transitions (from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic collinear at 44 K, changing to A type antiferromagnetic at 23 K and weak ferromagnetism below 6 K)[22] and large spontaneous polarization Pa ~ 4900 μC/ m2 for thin films[23]. Hexagonal phase of this compound can be stabilized only in the form of epitaxial thin film, Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:2875
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