Abstract
The paper presents the results of two-year research on frost resistance study in 18 scion/rootstock combinations of sweet cherry: Fatezh and Chermashnaya varieties grafted on 9 rootstocks (Izmailovsky, AVCH-2, V-5-88, VC-13, Moskoviya, VSL-2, Stepnoy Rodnik, Colt and seedling rootstock Prunus magaleb L.). The research was carried out in 2019-2020 in the laboratory of physiology and biochemistry of FSBSI «Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery» by artificial freezing method in the climate chamber TH-6 JEIO TECH -1000. It was established that after freezing at t = - 29ºC, the floral rudiments' preservation in the Fatezh variety was more than 80%, and in the Chermashnaya variety — about 40%. Limits of frost resistance change of varieties' reproductive buds depending on the rootstock were shown: Fatezh variety — from 62.2% (VSL-2) to 81.7% (Izmailovsky), and Chermashnaya variety — from 25.5% (P. magaleb L) to 65% (Izmailovsky). When using Izmailovsky and AVCH-2 clone rootstock, the preservation of flower rudiments increased by 15 -20% compared to P. magaleb L. The most frost-resistant scion/rootstock combinations were revealed: Fatezh/Izmailovsky and Fatezh/AVCH-2, which preserved more than 87% of live rudiments. A positive correlation between floral buds' frost resistance and chlorogenic acid content has been established.
Highlights
Successful sweet cherry cultivation in the middle horticulture zone of Russia is limited by its insufficient resistance to frosts in winter
Fatezh variety reproductive buds had significantly greater frost resistance. This variety grafted on clone rootstocks Izmailovsky, AVCH-2, VC-13, Moskoviya and Stepnoy Rodnik preserved over 80% of live rudiments
Retaining about 70% of the live floral rudiments, combinations of this variety with rootstock V-5-88, P. magaleb L. and VSL-2 were less resistant to low temperature impact
Summary
Successful sweet cherry cultivation in the middle horticulture zone of Russia is limited by its insufficient resistance to frosts in winter. When the air temperature decreases to -28-30 oС in abnormally cold winters, sweet cherry's reproductive buds get damaged first, which leads to a flowering deterioration and a decrease in productivity [4, 5]. Floral buds' frost resistance of stone fruit crops' varieties can vary significantly depending on the rootstock used [6, 7]. In the middle horticulture zone of the Russian Federation, there are very few studies on the rootstock influence on the sweet cherry winter resistance level [11]. The adaptation mechanism of fruit plants to low-temperature stress is closely related to biochemical processes and depends on the synthesis of certain chemical substances. Phenolcarboxylic acids and, above all, chlorogenic acid play a significant role in the formation of protective plants' action on winter period stressors [14]
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