Study of Fishmeal Substitution on Growth Performance and Shelf-Life of Giltheadsea Bream (Sparusaurata)

Patricia Zaragozá,José Vicente Ros-Lis,José Manuel Barat,Silvia Martínez-Llorens,Ramón Martínez-Máñez,José-Luis Vivancos,Ana Tomas-Vidal,Isabel Fernández-Segovia,Ana Fuentes

doi:10.3390/fishes5020015

Abstract

In this work the effect of partial or total replacement of fishmeal by plant protein sources and krill and squid meal on growth performance and shelf-life of gilthead sea bream was evaluated. Plant protein dietswith 50 g kg−1 of krill and 100 g kg−1 of squid were supplemented with synthetic amino acidsand at the end of the growing period weight showed no significant differences. The spoilage process of the fish was followed by physicochemical and microbiological measurements together with a colorimetric sensor array (CSA) specially designed for that purpose. The changes in the physicochemical parameters and microbial growth showed that shelf-life of samples were in all cases lower than ninedays. The CSA was not able to show significant differences between both diets, confirming the physicochemical and microbiological results. The fact that the type of feed had no effect on the freshness parameters studied demonstrates that total fishmeal replacement with plant protein blends in the proportions used in this work could be an excellent alternative for feed formulation in aquaculture.

Highlights

In aquaculture production, diet is one of the most important factors because of its influence on metabolic aspects of the fish and its role in the chemical composition of muscle and flesh quality.Intensive farming depends on the diet composition of the external feed supply, and these can affect the nutritional quality of aquaculture products
The most common alternatives for FM as a protein source are different kinds of plant protein meals that vary in content of available nutrients, but by using a mixture of different ingredients [34] and supplementing the diet with indispensable amino acids [34] the formulation of nutritionally complete diets with an inclusion level of FM as low as 10% can be obtained
Diets for gilthead sea bream in the on-growing phase containing different plant proteins sources mixture supplemented with synthetic EAA can replace 100% of FM without negatively affecting gilthead sea bream performance

Summary

Introduction

Diet is one of the most important factors because of its influence on metabolic aspects of the fish and its role in the chemical composition of muscle and flesh quality. Intensive farming depends on the diet composition of the external feed supply, and these can affect the nutritional quality of aquaculture products. An artificial diet can not include the typical components of a natural diet, so a feed composition is capable of causing differences in the appearance and the quality of these products [1]. Fishmeal and fish oil provide the ideal amino acid profile and the essential fatty acids for proper fish development. The continuous increase in the demand for fishmeal and fish oil combined. Fishes 2020, 5, 15 with their high price has led to a search for new proteins and energy-rich ingredients to avoid dependence on expensive marine raw materials for fish feeding.

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