Study of fetal central nervous system anomalies by the means of antenatal 2D ultrasound examination in varying trimesters

Abstract

Aims and Objectives: 1) Objective is to study the range of Congenital neurological anomalies occurring in utero; 2) To evaluate the incidence of congenital anomalies in varying trimesters; 3) To confirm the diagnosis by post natal examination or autopsy as and when possible. Material and Methods: This is a prospective study which was conducted in the Radio-diagnosis department in Dhiraj General hospital, from January 2021 till February 2022. Ultrasound screening of pregnant women was performed. Pregnancy with ultrasound findings of central nervous system anomalies were followed up. Prenatal ultrasound findings were confirmed by post MTP examination in cases of therapeutic abortions and fetal losses. In case of live birth postnatal findings were noted. Results: After conducting a ultrasound screening in all three trimesters, a total of 30 congenital neurological anomalies were diagnosed. It was seen that majority of anomalies were detected in 2nd trimester. Among the neurological anomalies, most common anomalies were found to be hydrocephalus (4), Anencephaly (3) and lumbar myelo-meningocoele (3). Ultrasound findings were matching in 87 % of cases with post natal examination findings. In this study rare congenital neurological syndromes like Meckel Gruber syndrome and iniencephaly like disorders were also detected via ultrasound.