Study of episootic situation and dynamics of episootic and infectious processes of bovine leukemia infection

Abstract

One of the problems in dairy cattle breeding has become bovine leukemia since the middle of the 20th century in the Republic of Belarus. Initially, isolated cases of the disease were recorded according to the data of clinical signs and pathological changes in the case of death of animals and the results of veterinary sanitary examination at the section of meat processing plants. After the establishment of the infectious etiology of the disease and the introduction of the immune diffusion reaction into veterinary laboratory practice, the massive nature of its spread was established with corresponding economic losses for the livestock industry. Under the prevailing conditions, it was necessary to reliably study the indicators of the epizootic situation and the trends of the epizootic process affecting the spread of infection with the bovine leukemia virus in order to take effective measures to eliminate it. The authors considered the methodological approaches to the study of the epizootic situation and the dynamics of the epizootic process of bovine leukemia virus infection in the Republic of Belarus formed the basis of the developed monitoring system. It included 132 epizootic significant indicators, divided into 8 groups, reflecting the epizootic situation of bovine leukemia virus infection, taking into account age, sex, production, territorial and other characteristics of infectious and epizootic processes of the disease in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus, established the procedure for collecting and transmitting epizootic information for making management decisions. This made it possible to control the epizootic situation and predict its development, to determine the features and patterns of the epizootic process, to evaluate the results of diagnostic studies, the effectiveness of anti-leukemic measures and their socio-economic significance. The use of epizootic, clinical, pathomorphological, laboratory methods of research with subsequent statistical processing of the data obtained and their analysis in the monitoring system of infection of the cattle leukemia virus in the Republic of Belarus made it possible to control the epizootic situation, predict its development, determine the features and patterns of the epizootic process, evaluate the results of diagnostic research, the effectiveness of anti-leukemic measures and their socio-economic significance.