Abstract
Purulia is a malaria-prone district in West Bengal, India, with approximately half of the blocks defined as malaria endemic. We analyzed the malaria case in each block of the Purulia district from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. As per the API, 20 blocks of Purulia were assigned to four different categories (0–3) and mapped using ArcGIS software. An exponential decay model was fitted to forecast the trend of malaria cases for each block of Purulia (2021–2025). There was a sharp decrease in total malaria cases and API from 2016 to 2020 due to the mass distribution of LLINs. The majority of cases (72.63%) were found in ≥ 15-year age group. Males were more prone to malaria (60.09%). Malaria was highly prevalent among Scheduled Tribes (48.44%). Six blocks were reported in Category 3 (high risk) and none in Category 0 (no risk) in 2016, while no blocks were determined to be in Category 3, and three blocks were in Category 0 in 2020. The exponential decay model prediction is oriented towards gaining malaria-free status in thirteen blocks of Purulia by 2025. This study will incite the government to uphold and strengthen the current efforts to meet the malaria elimination goals.
Highlights
Purulia is a malaria-prone district in West Bengal, India, with approximately half of the blocks defined as malaria endemic
The Department of Health, the Government of West Bengal distributed the supplied Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) and the Government of India to 100% of the households of malaria risk population in ten malaria-endemic blocks identified from the 2016 Annual Parasite Index (API) of Purulia district, as a measure to protect the residents from mosquito bites and reduce transmission[13,14,15,16]
There was a remarkable decrease of 79.24% in total malaria cases from 2017 (2033) to 2018 (422): P. vivax (Pv) cases dropped from 809 in 2017 to 197 in 2018 (75.65%), P. falciparum (Pf) cases from 1052 in 2017 to 181 in 2018 (82.79%), and mixed infection cases from 172 in 2017 to 44 in 2018 (74.42%)
Summary
Purulia is a malaria-prone district in West Bengal, India, with approximately half of the blocks defined as malaria endemic. In 2019, 229 million malaria cases were reported globally in 87 malaria-endemic countries by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the WHO South-East Asia Region, around 86% of malaria deaths were reported from India. The Department of Health, the Government of West Bengal distributed the supplied LLINs by the NVBDCP and the Government of India to 100% of the households of malaria risk population in ten malaria-endemic blocks identified from the 2016 Annual Parasite Index (API) of Purulia district, as a measure to protect the residents from mosquito bites and reduce transmission[13,14,15,16]. It is determined as the number of malaria-positive patients per 1000 inhabitants (Total no. of positive slides/Total no. of slides × 1000)
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