Abstract
Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common respiratory diseases. Patient with allergic rhinitis may have elevated level of serum IgE and eosinophil than normal person. Nasal smear eosinophil count is a simple test as well as noninvasive, can be repeated and inexpensive method for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Objective: To assess the eosinophil count in nasal smear as an alternative diagnostic test for children with allergic rhinitis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory medicine and Paediatrics, BSMMU, Dhaka from September 2019 to August 2020 in 120 children (Age up to 18 years both sex). Diagnosed patients of allergic rhinitis according to ARIA-WHO guideline with history and clinical feature who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected as study population. After taking informed written consent blood and nasal secretion of allergic patient were drawn for serum IgE and eosinophil count. Nasal smears for eosinophil were stained using Giemsa stain and observed eosinophil under light microscope. Peripheral blood eosinophil count was estimated by hematology auto-analyzer (SYSMEX-XN 2000) and rechecked manually. The serum total IgE level was performed based on sandwich principle of ELISA. Results: The serum IgE level, nasal smear eosinophil count and blood eosinophil count were found increased with severity of allergic rhinitis, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient test revealed significant positive correlation between nasal smear eosinophil count with serum IgE (r= +.656, p<0.001) and blood absolute eosinophil count (r= +.415, p<0.001). Conclusion: Nasal smear eosinophil count was significantly raised alone with absolute eosinophil count and serum IgE level with the severity of allergic rhinitis in children.
Highlights
Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common respiratory diseases
The International study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) study in the schools of Dhaka has confirmed that the problem of allergic respiratory diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and other atopic conditions are common in child population of our country (Chowdhury, Kabir & Alam, 2008)
The purpose of this study was to observe the association between nasal smear eosinophil count and peripheral blood eosinophil count and serum total IgE level in allergic rhinitis patients
Summary
Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common respiratory diseases. Patient with allergic rhinitis may have elevated level of serum IgE and eosinophil than normal person. Parents suffering from allergic rhinitis have a higher risk of developing allergy for children Nowadays, it has become a common disease worldwide, affecting a large number of the population. Some diagnostic tests like Skin Prick Test (SPT), Radio-Allergosorbent Test (RAST), estimation of IgE antibodies and Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are used for the diagnosis of rhinitis. These are expensive, complicated, invasive and difficult to collect sample from children. Nasal smear eosinophil count could be a useful test for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, which is simple, easy to perform, cost effective and would help early diagnosis and to assess patient outcome after treatment. The purpose of this study was to observe the association between nasal smear eosinophil count and peripheral blood eosinophil count and serum total IgE level in allergic rhinitis patients
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