Study of entomopathogenic nematodes and their role in microbial control of pests

Abstract

An essential part of managing insect pests is the use of entomopathogenic nematodes and in preventing environmental contamination. Their use has been increasing in recent years. So far, about 30 to 40 nematode families are in contact with insects and other vertebrates. Among these families, the group widely studied as the so-called "entomopathogenic nematodes," also known as EPN, are Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae. Two species of Oscheius (Oscheius chongmingensis and Oscheius carolinensis) have been added in recent years to the EPNs group, and we expect that several species will be added to EPNs. ENP has a wide range of host insects found in a species of EPN that can attack over 250 different kinds of insects from several families. Suitable environments for EPNs include insect hemocoels, soil pores, or river bottoms that grow in contact with these environments. Occurrence, mobility, distribution, and stability of EPN under the influence of several factors, including intrinsic factors such as behavioral, physiological, and genetic characteristics. Biological nature included are hosted and non-host arthropods, predators, parasites, diseases, and aberrant environmental elements like temperature, moisture content, texture, pH, and UV radiation. Proper mass production and application are essential for the biological control effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). In addition, there is no problem in applying EPNs because they are simple to spray with common equipment and are compatible with almost all chemical fertilizers, but the compatibility is different from chemical pesticides.