Abstract
BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (syndrome X) is the name for a group of risk factors that raises your risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as diabetes and stroke. Dilatation of blood vessels following stress is a function of vasodilators produced by the endothelium. Flow-mediated vasodilation assesses endothelial function. In the case of endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated vasodilation is impaired, resulting in decreased or even absence of vasodilation following stress. The easy availability of ultrasound machines nowadays and the non-invasive nature of the test make this a practical test for assessing endothelial dysfunction and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Various studies have confirmed the presence of impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the presence of impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in individuals with risk factors but no cardiovascular diseases can prove that this can be used to predict individuals at risk. This study tries to confirm the presence of endothelial dysfunction in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) attending a tertiary center hospital in Kochi.ObjectivesThe study's main aim is to compare flow-mediated dilatation in patients with NAFLD and normal individuals.Materials and methodsThe comparative study was conducted among 50 patients attending various outpatient departments in Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi. History and examination of cases and controls and relevant investigations were done after obtaining consent. In addition, both groups underwent measurement of flow-mediated vasodilation in the radiology department. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and were analyzed using SPSS.ResultsFlow-mediated vasodilation was found to be less in patients with fatty liver (7.37 ± 2.75) when compared to individuals with normal liver (12.41 ± 3.71). In addition, flow-mediated vasodilatation was inversely proportional to BMI and age.ConclusionThis study has proved that there will be endothelial dysfunction in NAFLD, as shown by the decrease in flow-mediated vasodilation when compared with normal liver.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome, known as syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, obesity dyslipidemia syndrome, and the deadly quartet, is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of heart diseases, stroke, and type 2 diabetes
This study has proved that there will be endothelial dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as shown by the decrease in flow-mediated vasodilation when compared with normal liver
This study has proved that there will be endothelial dysfunction, as shown by the decrease in flow-mediated vasodilation, in patients with NAFLD
Summary
Known as syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, obesity dyslipidemia syndrome, and the deadly quartet, is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of heart diseases, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Complications of insulin resistance include endothelial dysfunction, systemic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and vascular inflammation [3]. These effects are found even in patients with normal BMI and increased abdominal fat [4]. In the case of endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated vasodilation is impaired, resulting in decreased or even absence of vasodilation following stress. Various studies have confirmed the presence of impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease. The presence of impaired flow-mediated vasodilation in individuals with risk factors but no cardiovascular diseases can prove that this can be used to predict individuals at risk. This study tries to confirm the presence of endothelial dysfunction in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) attending a tertiary center hospital in Kochi
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