Abstract
Abstract Being part of the national capital region of India, the Sonipat district of Haryana has undergone significant industrialization and urbanization through the decade. As a result, the risk of having groundwater pollution in the area is high. Major Ion concentration (Fluoride, Sulfate, and Nitrate), Heavy metal (Iron, Manganese)and Uranium concentration has been reported above the permissible limit assigned by BIS & who for drinking water at many locations. Therefore, Groundwater vulnerability mapping for the shallow aquifers of the district has been carried out using a GIS-based DRASTIC model to assess vulnerability to pollution.The model also considers the region’s hydrogeological conditions.To analyze the anthropogenic influence, the DRASTIC model has been extended by integrating land use land cover data from the district. The findings reveal that the degree of susceptibility has increased. The improved DRASTIC model was validated using water quality parameters (F–, SO42–, and NO3–) whose concentrations are over the maximum limit in some locations. The result synchronizes with the model to a greater extent. The modified DRASTIC model thereby gives an insight into the effects of human intervention along with the hydrogeological setting have on groundwater vulnerability.
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