Study of Drain Pollution Sources in Egypt

Abstract

In Egypt, the drainage water receives domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution sources. Such pollution sources result in deterioration of the drainage water quality and thus limited possibilities for reuse. In order to maximize the opportunities of reusing the drainage water, both quantity and quality of such water should be continuously monitored and investigated. One of the activities required to design a water-quality monitoring network, is the identification of relevant pollution sources. In this study, data of pollution sources are extracted from different sources of information such as reports, database, and field visits. Such data are evaluated and assessed in terms of completeness and reliability. Wherever data are not available, pollutants are estimated based on similar operation conditions and related experience. The effluents and loads of pollution sources are represented in tables and maps for each drain. In order to identify the most potential pollution sources that have undesirable impact on the drainage water quality, a statistical study for the pollution effluent and loads is conducted. The most effective measures for pollution reduction in drains of the study area, Delta and Fayoum, are discussed. In order to highlight the impact of such measures on pollution reduction, the pollution loads before and after the implementation of the measures are outlined.