Abstract
Dental bleaching is a simple and conservative procedure for aesthetic restoration of vital and non-vital discolored teeth. Nevertheless, a number of studies have demonstrated the risk of tissue damage from the contact of these agents with the oral mucosa. In the current study, the genotoxic potential associated with exposure to dental bleaching agents was assessed by the single cell gel (comet) assay in vitro. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in vitro were exposed to six commercial dental bleaching agents (Clarigel Gold - Dentsply; Whitespeed - Discus Dental; Nite White - Discus Dental; Magic Bleaching - Vigodent; Whiteness HP - FGM and Lase Peroxide - DMC). The results pointed out that all dental bleaching agents tested contributed to DNA damage as depicted by the mean tail moment, being the strongest effect observed with the highest dose of hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP and Lase Peroxide, at a 35% concentration). On the other hand, Magic Bleaching (Vigodent) induced the lowest level of DNA breakage. Negative and positive controls displayed absence and presence of DNA-damaging, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that dental bleaching agents may be a factor that increases the level of DNA damage. A higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide produced higher noxious activities in the genome as detected by single cell gel (comet) assay.
Highlights
Dental bleaching is a simple and conservative procedure for aesthetic restoration of vital and non-vital discolored teeth
Carbamide peroxide decomposes to produce hydrogen peroxide[29], which may be considered as the active ingredient of choice for bleaching because of its low molecular weight and its ability to denature proteins
All compounds tested induced strand breaks in DNA, being the strongest effect observed at the highest dose of the hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP and Lase Peroxide, at a 35% concentration)
Summary
Dental bleaching is a simple and conservative procedure for aesthetic restoration of vital and non-vital discolored teeth. There are many bleaching agents commercially available with various constituents, such as hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide. Carbamide peroxide decomposes to produce hydrogen peroxide[29], which may be considered as the active ingredient of choice for bleaching because of its low molecular weight and its ability to denature proteins. A number of studies have demonstrated the risk of tissue damage from the contact of these agents with the oral mucosa[8,13,17]. Hydrogen peroxide is able to interact both directly with DNA and through highly reactive oxygen and radical species causing extensive oxidative DNA damage[6]. Oxidative DNA damage has been recognized as a major cause of cell death and mutations in all aerobic
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