Study of discharge and jump of water flow from water regulatory structures in channels

Abstract

One of the main causes of damage to weirs regulating the flow of water in canals is local erosion of the bottom and banks. This is mainly due to the excessive kinetic energy of the stream flow and the uneven volumetric distribution of the water flow rate at the end of the strengthening. Due to this, 35–40% of hydraulic structures fail prematurely. The aim of the research was to determine the parameters of the spatial hydraulic jump arising behind the hydrotechnical structure and the rapid expansion of the cross-section. The research showed that the hydraulic jump with a curved cylinder in the plan is a spatial form and not only dissipates the energy of the stream, but also acts as a diffuser. With the stream expansion angle values in the range of 7–10°, a highly turbulent flow remains, which still has high kinetic energy at a distance from the end of the structure. At an angle of 25–27°, the flow is smooth, the velocity distribution is uniform across the width of the channel. In some cases, the forced expansion of the cross-section at the outflow of the weir favours the energy dissipation and uniform flow velocity distribution.