Abstract
Results of an analytical study of the properties of a diffraction interferometer with the general path of noninverted wavefronts are presented. The interferometer is based on the Fresnel zone plate and designed to control the shapes of surfaces and second-order mirrors. It is shown that application of the theory of pupils and windows allows an essential simplification of consideration of optical systems, visual analysis of the shape of interference fringes, and calculation of the optimum design of an interferometer. The obtained formulas, which relate the positions of pupils and windows (entrance, intermediate, and exit ones) to the zone plate focus and the mirror curvature radius, can be useful in the development of diffraction interferometers of various designs.
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