Abstract
In this study, cross-combination and square-combination configuration of the permanent external magnet were used in tungsten inert gas welding process. The external magnetic field effect to the arc plasma was observed using two cameras from the front view and side view. The depth of penetration and weld profile was investigated after welding. In this study, two types of magnets were employed; a 3 mm magnet with intensity ranging from 270-280 mT and a 5 mm magnet with 400-415 mT. Each configuration has three sub-configurations: forward, backward, and side, so there were 12 parameters in this study. The result shows that a cross-combination 5 mm magnet can increase weld penetration in any position, forward, backward or side deflection, and improve the depth-to-width ratio, however using 3 mm magnet did not influence the penetration significantly. Cross-combination has more stiffness and stability of the arc than square-combination. Most configurations have the same size weld bead width. Square combinations had fluctuated result, stiffness and stability of the arc was poor. This investigation aims to enlarge our understanding of the magnetic field effect on the arc plasma and the weld profile. In future, the arc blow effect from the external magnetic field can be controlled and regulated to improve TIG welding performance.
Highlights
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or tungsten inert gas (TIG) Welding have been widely used in the manufacturing industry, such as the automobile industry and other transportation industry [1,2]
Due to the free arc, when TIG welding is in low-level current applied, the energy density and the arc pressure are relatively poor, which leads to shallower melting depth
There were three welding directions, named forward deflection, backward deflection, and side deflection. It was named based on the arc blow deflected relative to the welding direction, such as forward, the arc blow deflected to the north side, and the welding direction going to the north
Summary
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or tungsten inert gas (TIG) Welding have been widely used in the manufacturing industry, such as the automobile industry and other transportation industry [1,2]. Due to the free arc, when TIG welding is in low-level current applied, the energy density and the arc pressure are relatively poor, which leads to shallower melting depth. In order to increase the melting depth, lowering welding speed is a common solution. The annealing time effect is problematic; the more exposure time from the heating effect, it tends to deeper reduced strength in the HAZ region. Another common solution to increase welding efficiency is using a high-level current and faster welding speed. High-level current tends to damage the tungsten tip shape progressively, resulting in an unbalance arc shape, which sometimes can lead to improper welding and defects
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