Abstract
Introduction: Incidence of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is 2-4 per 1000 live birth in USA, 1.8 per 1000 live births in Sweden, 3.8 per 1000 term live births in Australia. In India the incidence of HIE is 10-15 per 1000 live birth. The survivors from severe HIE develop cerebral palsy and mental handicaps as high as 50%. Concurrent use of cranial ultra sound and clinical staging systems are evolving to predict the prognosis. Objective: To study the cranial ultrasonogrphic finding in HIE Infants and its clinical correlation and prediction of outcome. Method: it is a prospective clinical study of 120 baby suffering from hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Result: Co-relation of initial cranial ultra sonography grading with mortality and sequel showed an increasing trend as the ultrasonography grading increases, with 51.4% mortality in grade –III, 18.5% in grade-II and 15.4% in grade –I. Seqele 48.6% was observed only in grade-III sonographic abnormality. Conclusion: Sonographic grading is more accurate than the clinical staging in predicting recovery, mortality and sequel.
Highlights
Incidence of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is 2-4 per 1000 live birth in USA, 1.8 per 1000 live births in Sweden, 3.8 per 1000 term live births in Australia
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is the term used to designate the clinical and neuropathologic finding of an encephalopathy that occurs in an infant who has experienced a significant episode of intra-partum asphyxia[1]
It is important to recognise that the child who subsequently will develop cerebral palsy secondary to intra-partum asphyxia will demonstrate unequivocal clinical signs of HIE during the neonatal period, usually during the first 2 to 7 days of life
Summary
Incidence of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is 2-4 per 1000 live birth in USA, 1.8 per 1000 live births in Sweden, 3.8 per 1000 term live births in Australia. It occurs in 9%of infants less than 36 weeks and in 0.5%of infants more than 36 weeks of gestation accounting for 20% of perinatal death[3,4]. The Sarnat clinical stages are commonly used to estimate the severity of asphyxia insult to infants more than 36 weeks of gestation age[5]
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