Abstract
Introduction: Perinatal outcome of new-borns is greatly influenced by abnormalities of placenta and umbilical cord. In most of the deliveries, whether home or institutional, the placenta and umbilical cords are discarded without examination. Due to paucity of information on abnormalities of placenta and cord, there is hardly any correlation with foetal outcomes. The aim was to study the correlation between the foetal outcome and the different types of abnormalities of placenta and umbilical cord.Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, randomised study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2016 in a tertiary care hospital in North India. The study was carried out on 1000 term singleton newborns. The placenta and umbilical cords were obtained from both normal and caesarean section deliveries. A proforma was used to gather data from the patients and new-borns. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, IBM version) along with Microsoft Excel (2010 version).Results: One thousand placentae and umbilical cords were examined of which high placental weight/birth weight ratio, gross anomalies of placenta (infarctions, calcifications and retro placental haematoma), marginal (battledore and velamentous) umbilical cord insertions, long umbilical cords and single umbilical artery were associated with negative foetal outcomes.Conclusions: There was a high incidence of adverse foetal outcome with placental and umbilical cord abnormalities. Education of our health personnel dealing with deliveries on the importance of proper examination of the placenta and umbilical cords should be emphasised and instituted upon.
Highlights
Perinatal outcome of new-borns is greatly influenced by abnormalities of placenta and umbilical cord
The birth weight and placental weight at different gestational ages were compared and the placental weight/birth weight (PW/BW) ratio was compared to gestational age
Both the birth weights and placental weights increased with increasing gestational age but the correlation was not significant
Summary
Perinatal outcome of new-borns is greatly influenced by abnormalities of placenta and umbilical cord. Due to paucity of information on abnormalities of placenta and cord, there is hardly any correlation with foetal outcomes. The aim was to study the correlation between the foetal outcome and the different types of abnormalities of placenta and umbilical cord. Fox and Langley described the placenta as the mirror of the prenatal period. Macroscopic examination of placenta and cord can be done very and the abnormalities associated with them can forewarn and yield a great quantum of information regarding the neonates. The study is being undertaken to find out the correlation between placental weight, cord length, anomalies of placenta and cord with neonatal events and weight of the new-borns
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