Abstract
Recent trends with Histopathological imagery led to rapid progress towards quantifying the perceptive issues, while prognostic, due to subjective variability among readers. This variability leads to distinguished prognosis reports and generates variability in treatment as well. Latest advancements in image analysis tools have allowed the powerful computer-assisted diagnostic system to assist oncologist in their diagnosis process on radiological data. In this study, we present a thoughtful analysis of texture heterogeneity and morphological characteristic on various lymphomas like Follicular, Neuroblastoma, Breast, and Prostate tissue images for classifying them into respective grades. The study presents a systematic survey of the computational steps of these Lymphomas, which includes recent scenario of diagnosis process to classify these lymphomas into respective grades along with its limitations, followed by it shows the pre-requisite of the computer-assisted diagnosis system and finally explains various segmentation techniques based on image descriptor and subsequent classification of biopsy into respective grades. This paper reviews recent state of the art technology i.e. Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) for Histopathology and also briefly describes the recent development in histology and its application towards quantifying the perceptive issue in the domain of histopathology being pursued in the United State and India.
Highlights
In the current scenario, the prognosis of lymphomas is done manually by visual analysis of the tissue samples; obtained from the biopsy of patients
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain is the microscopic study of biological tissues, which will become the gold standard in the prognosis of considerable number of pathologies and for the identification of therapeutic effects
The classification is often done by extracting quality parameters like nuclei, Karyorrhectic, background, glands, Centro blast, follicular region, prostate region and the extra-cellular area from the histological section of H&E Stained images
Summary
The prognosis of lymphomas is done manually by visual analysis of the tissue samples; obtained from the biopsy of patients. Combination of H&E stain produces blue, violet and red colors. It provides information about tissues and cells with a high level of detail [1]. Another type of staining known as Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells and is used to diagnose and track specific cellular anomalies, such as cancers, by identifying those proteins that are found in affected cells. Sooner the presence of cancer is confirmed, the grading process starts
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