Study of clinical profile and factors associated with chronic kidney disease at tertiary health care center

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common public health problem with a rising prevalence in developing countries. The progressive nature of CKD and the ensuing ESRD is putting a substantial burden on global health resources since all modalities of treatment are expensive. Present study was aimed to study clinical profile and factors associated with CKD at tertiary health care center. Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, prospective, observational study, conducted in patients age > 18 years, of either gender, diagnosed case of chronic kidney disease CKD was defined by criteria set by National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative for diagnosing CKD. Results: During study period 155 patients were considered for present study. Male patients (69.68%) outnumbered female (30.32%) and male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Mean age of study patients was 48.1 ± 10.93 years. Majority of patients were from 40-59 years (43.23 %) age group involved was, followed by ≥60 years (37.42 %) age group. Presenting complaints noted were dyspnea (70.97 %), oliguria (66.45 %), GI symptoms (64.52 %), volume overload (59.35 %), neuromuscular (38.06 %) and pruritus (2.58 %). Other factors were smoking (27.10 %), alcohol (14.84 %), Tobacco chewing (10.32 %), NSAID use (6.45 %) and use of herbominerals (2.58 %). Major pre-existing co-morbidities were hypertension (52.26 %), anemia (42.58 %), diabetes (30.97 %), hyperlipidemic disease (21.94 %) and coronary artery disease (9.68 %). 20 % patients had no major medical co-morbidity present. Etiology for CKD noted in present study were hypertensive nephropathy (45.16 %), chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) (32.90 %), diabetic nephropathy (14.84 %), obstructive uropathy (2.58 %), unknown (1.94 %), tubulo-interstitial disease (1.29 %) and ADPKD (1.29 %), Renal function has been noted in present study was 00 %, 36.77 %, 32.90 %, 18.71 % and 11.61 % patients of stage 1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively, according to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease is a serious condition, requiring proper medical attention. Periodic screening is must in patients with one or more co-morbid conditions (e.g. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, etc. ) so as to prevent CKD.