Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal seizure is defined as paroxysmal electrical discharge from the brain. The immature brain seems more prone to seizures. The in-cidence was found to increase with decreasing gestation and birth weight- preterm neonates (20.8 vs. 8.4 per 1000 live-births) while very low birth weight neonates had more than 4-fold higher incidence (36.1 per 1000 live-births). Objective: The study was conducted to estimate the incidence, etiological factor, time of onset, clinical types, and biochemical abnormalities among the different types of neonatal seizures. Methods: This is a hospital based prospective observational study con-ducted in NICU, Department of Pediatrics, SMIMER during the period of January 2020 to March 2021. Results: Total patients with neonatal seizures were 90 in our study. Inci-dence of neonatal seizures in our study was 1.1%. Incidence was higher in pre-term neonates (4.8%) and more in males (56.67%). Incidence of neona-tal seizures was higher in LBW babies (4.3%) and more common in SGA babies (51.11%). Incidence among vaginal delivered babies was 0.9%, LSCS was 1.7% and forceps was 1.1%. Birth asphyxia (41.1%) was the most common cause of all neonatal seizures followed by hypoglycemia (17.8%), neonatal meningitis/septicemia (14.5%), hypocalcemia (12.2%), ICH (7.8%). Subtle seizures (44.4%) were the commonest type of seizure followed by tonic (38.9%), focal clonic (11.1%), multifocal clonic (5.6%). 33.3% of neo-natal seizures occurred in < 24hrs & 40% in 24-72 hrs. The most common biochemical abnormality was hypoglycemia (17.8%) followed by hy-pocalcemia (12.2%). Conclusion: Incidence of neonatal seizures was 11.1/1000 live births (1.1%) & more common in preterm, LBW & LSCS deliveries. Birth asphyxia was the most common cause and subtle seizures were the most common type of seizure. Subtle seizures were more common in 24-72 hours of life. Most common biochemical abnormality was hypoglycemia followed by hy-pocalcemia.
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