Study of Changes in the Chemical Composition of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Derived from Tissue Culture Under the Influence of Different Pollen Treatments

Abstract

The current study was conducted on growing date palm trees in Al-Siba area - Basra Governorate in order to identify the chemical composition of the fruits under the influence of different pollen treatments. The study was conducted using three main factors. pollen) and the second factor is the pollen variety (Al-ghanami red and Al-ghanami + normal Al-Khukri and Al-ghanami + Alkanari) and the third factor is the age of the male pollination (early, medium and late). The fruit content of amino acids and total soluble protein in the interstitial stage and the percentage of total soluble solids in the wet stage were studied. And the percentage of knots, falling, and chips, in the khalal stage, and the results showed that there are differences in the chemical composition of the fruits under the influence of these treatments. Sequentially, the lowest value for total soluble protein and total soluble solids and the lowest percentage of precipitation and shea was 341.4 mg. L-1, 47.08, 37.1, and 11.3%, respectively. As for the effect of the cultivar, the two cultivars Al-ghanami red + Alkanari and Al-ghanami red + Al Khukri normal were significantly superior in the fruit content of amino acids and total soluble protein, as it recorded (39.5, 33.6) mg.L-1 and (387.7, 397.5) mg.L-1 for both. the two categories sequentially. While the cultivar did not significantly affect the fruit content in the percentage of total dissolved solids and the percentage of precipitation, while Al-ghanami red cultivar recorded the highest percentage of knots and the lowest percentage of hook, which amounted to 55.4 and 4.5%, respectively. Significant differences were recorded between the ages of the male pollens in the fruit content of amino acids, total soluble protein and the percentage of total soluble solids. The medium-mature male pollen gave the highest concentration of free amino acids at an average of (38.7) mg.L-1 and the lowest concentration of total soluble protein and total soluble solids. At a rate of (347.6) mg.L-1 and (45.63)%, respectively. As for the bilateral and triple interactions, it showed a significant superiority in some of the study interventions.