Study of carbon materials using X-ray diffraction method, qualitative and quantitative analysis of adsorption

Abstract

Active carbons are porous industrial adsorbents and carbonaceous materials derived from various organic raw materials and used to treat drinking and waste water. This study aimed to X-ray analyzes the structure of the sorbent based on coal and the efficiency of ion extraction from solutions by this sorbent. The diffraction patterns of the sorbents were obtained on a powder diffractometer. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the sorbents was determined by X-ray fluorescence method. The sorbent surface was imaged using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the isotherms of the studied systems are satisfactorily described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The constants of the Freundlich equation were 0.31, 0.004, and 0.029 for adsorption of iron ions, manganese ions, and nitritions, respectively. The maximum adsorption of Langmuir iron ions was 3.61 mg/g, manganese ions 2.49 mg/g, and nitrite ions 0.33 mg/g. The Gibbs energy during adsorption of iron ions, manganese ions and nitrite ions were −17.93 kJ/mol, −30.5 kJ/mol and −20.5 kJ/mol, respectively. It is shown that effective extraction of ions can occur due to ion exchange and complexation processes for metal ions with active centers on the sorbent surface. Development of the technology of treatment of open-pit and surface wastewater of coal mining enterprises using sorbents based on coal will allow to solve environmental problems of resource-oriented regions and will contribute to the restoration and ecological rehabilitation of water bodies.