Abstract
In the present paper, a brief review of the scientific literature on the main research directions in the field of sorption filters used for water demineralisation is presented. Materials used for these purposes, both of mineral and organic origin, are considered. Various natural materials, including waste products from wood processing and agriculture, are promising raw materials for the production of sorbents. Since these materials are typically characterised by low sorption ability in their raw form, additional activation processes are required. In this connection, research was conducted by the authors on the sorption of hardness salts (calcium and magnesium) from aqueous solutions in static conditions using raw and chemically modified buckwheat husk in a concentration range from 2 to 40 mEq/dm 3 . Hydrochloric and phosphoric acids, as well as sodium hydroxide, were used as modifiers. A study of the sorption kinetics demonstrated that the system achieves equilibrium within 5 min from the start of sorption. Additionally, the possibility of maximum demineralisation of aqueous solutions was studied. The best sorption properties with respect to hardness salts were demonstrated by buckwheat husks modified by sodium hydroxide, which had a maximum sorption capacity of 2.4 mEq/dm 3 as compared to 2.0 mEq/dm 3 for raw husks. For all types of obtained materials, mineral sorption isotherms were constructed in the range of studied concentrations. These isotherms were established to be of S4 type according to the Giles classification. Mathematical processing was carried out according to the sorption models of Langmuir, Freundlich, BET and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The sorption process for calcium and magnesium cations was revealed to be most accurately described by the Freundlich equation.
Highlights
In the present paper, a brief review of the scientific literature on the main research directions in the field of sorption filters used for water demineralisation is presented
The best sorption properties with respect to hardness salts were demonstrated by buckwheat husks modified by sodium hydroxide, which had a maximum sorption capacity of 2.4 mEq/dm3 as compared to 2.0 mEq/dm3 for raw husks
For all types of obtained materials, mineral sorption isotherms were constructed in the range of studied concentrations
Summary
Что перспективным сырьем для производства сорбентов являются различные природные материалы, а также отходы деревообработки и растениеводства. Авторами проведены исследования по изучению сорбции солей жесткости (кальция и магния) из водных растворов в статических условиях на нативной и химически модифицированной лузге гречихи в диапазоне концентраций от 2 до 40 мг-экв/дм. Установлено, что лучшие сорбционые свойства относительно солей жесткости проявляет лузга гречихи, модифицированная гидроксидом натрия, максимальное значение сорбционной емкости для которой составляет 2,4 мг-экв/дм. Что химическая модификация незначительно увеличивает сорбционную емкость лузги: для нативной она составила 2,0 мг-экв/дм. Для всех типов полученных материалов построены изотермы сорбции жесткости в диапазоне исследуемых концентраций и отмечено, что данные изотермы относятся к типу S4 по классификации Гильса. Что процесс сорбции катионов кальция и магния с наибольшей вероятностью описывается уравнением Фрейндлиха. Исследования по использованию лузги гречихи для умягчения воды.
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