Study of biotechnological potential of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria from oil-contaminated soils of the Uzen oil field

Abstract

Background: Oil-contaminated soils are one of the significant environmental concerns in Western Kazakhstan. Cleaning soils from oil contamination is becoming extremely important. Biological soil treatment, which uses hydrocarbon-oxiding bacteria for microbiological remediation, is a more environmentally friendly and delicate method of soil treatment than any other currently used technology (physical, chemical, biological). One of the important aspects of microbiological remediation is the use of bacteria endomimic to the treated soil. This guarantees the most effective soil purification, as the bacteria perform in relatively optimal conditions for themselves. The soil of the Mangistau region, especially the coastal regions, is distinctive due to its high mineralisation and low moisture content, which have helped to form a specific microflora that is adapted to these conditions. Aim: The study aims to search and isolate highly effective hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria that are native to highly mineralized soils of the Uzen oil field. Materials and methods: The research employs a variety of analytical techniques, including water chemistry analysis and infrared spectrometry, as well as the microbiological culture of aerobic bacteria on liquid and dense media in environments (temperature and salinity) that closely resemble their native ecotopes. Results: Four enrichment cultures of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria were obtained, and three pure cultures of oil-oxidizing bacteria were isolated. Their hydrocarbon-oxidizing efficiency has been studied. On the basis of heavy, extremely viscous paraffinic oil from the Uzen field, their hydrocarbon-oxidizing efficiency was examined. Conclusion: In this study, active enrichment cultures of halophilic hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria as well as active accumulative cultures of halophilic and moderately thermophilic aerobic bacteria were obtained. These bacteria are capable of oxidising a wide range of hydrocarbons, including high-molecular polycyclic and sulfur-containing compounds. Their high biotechnological potential will be studied in further studies.