Abstract
There is a lack of information about the methods used for bovine platelet-rich plasma (PRP)/platelet-rich gel (PRG) procurement, including information on platelet (PLT), white blood cell (WBC) in PRP, and growth factor release from PRG supernatants. The aims of this study were to compare and to correlate the PLT, WBC, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) concentrations in bovine whole blood, plasma, and four PRP layers and their respective PRG supernatants: A and B (obtained by a single centrifugation tube method at 720g/5 min) and C and D (obtained by a double centrifugation tube method, by using two centrifugation episodes at 720g/5 min). PLT and WBC counts were significantly higher in PRP-C, followed by whole blood, PRP-A, PRP-B, and PRP-D. TGF-β1 concentrations were significantly higher in PRG-B supernatants and its correspondent PRP-B lysate when compared to the other PRG supernatants and plasma. Supernatants from PRG-A, PRG-B, and PRG-D had equivalent TGF-β1 concentrations. PDGF-BB concentrations were not statistically different between the hemoderivatives. Significant Pearson correlations were noted between PLT counts and WBC counts (0.8) and between PLT counts and PLT distribution width (0.6). Further studies should be performed to assess the potential clinical applications of these PRPs.
Highlights
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a plasma preparation with variable concentrations of platelets (PLTs) and white blood cells (WBCs), is a biomaterial rich in growth factors (GFs), such as transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and plateletderived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB) [1]
Once these PRPs are mixed with a platelet activating substance or come into contact with tissue collagen, they change into a gel form, that is, platelet-rich gel (PRG), which gradually releases GF
When each PRG supernatant was compared for its TGF-β1 concentration in relation to the respective PRP lysate, we found significant differences between the PRG-A supernatant and PRP-A lysate (p = 0.003), the PRGB supernatant and PRP-B lysate (p = 0.001), and the PRGC supernatant and PRP compounds: (1) Lc-PRP (PRP-C) lysate (p = 0.0001)
Summary
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a plasma preparation with variable concentrations of platelets (PLTs) and white blood cells (WBCs), is a biomaterial rich in growth factors (GFs), such as transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and plateletderived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB) [1]. PRP (liquid) compounds are classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of WBCs, that is, leukocyteconcentrated PRP (Lc-PRP) and leukocyte-reduced PRP (LrPRP), known as pure-PRP (P-PRP) [2] Once these PRPs are mixed with a platelet activating substance (i.e., calcium salt or thrombin) or come into contact with tissue collagen, they change into a gel form, that is, platelet-rich gel (PRG), which gradually releases GF. The rationale behind the use of this biomaterial lies in the fact that the GF and cytokines contained within are gradually released and diminish inflammation, promote neovascularization, increase extracellular matrix protein deposition, and induce cell migration and proliferation [4, 6] In other words, these substances could enhance tissue regeneration [7]
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