Study of a Li-Ion Cell Kinetics in Five Regions to Predict Li Plating Using a Pseudo Two-Dimensional Model

Sanaz Momeni Boroujeni,Kai Peter Birke

doi:10.3390/su11226392

Abstract

Detecting or predicting lithium plating in Li-ion cells and subsequently suppressing or preventing it have been the aim of many researches as it directly contributes to the aging, safety, and life-time of the cell. Although abundant influencing parameters on lithium deposition are already known, more information is still needed in order to predict this phenomenon and prevent it in time. It is observed that balancing in a Li-ion cell can play an important role in controlling lithium plating. In this work, five regions are defined with the intention of covering all the zones participating in the charge transfer from one electrode to the other during cell cycling. We employ a pseudo two-dimensional (P2D) cell model including two irreversible side reactions of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and lithium plating (Li-P) as the anode aging mechanisms. With the help of simulated data and the Nernst–Einstein relation, ionic conductivities of the regions are calculated separately. Calculation results show that by aging the cell, more deviation between ionic conductivities of cathode and anode takes place which leads to the start of Li plating.

Highlights

Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries were first developed in the 1970s [1,2,3]
To validate the ionic conductivity results coming from our calculations we compared them with the characteristic time values for transport which are introduced by Jiang and Peng [27]
L2c Dle,fc f ts is describing a characteristic time of the Li diffusion process into solid particles in negative and positive electrodes. ti stands for the transport time relating to the local depletion rate of Li ions in electrolyte at the electrode/electrolyte interface, and tl is the characteristic time for Li ion transport through the electrolyte

Summary

Introduction

Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries were first developed in the 1970s [1,2,3]. After two decades of intensive materials development, Li-ion cells were commercialized by Sony in 1991 [4,5]. Constructed as the best compromise due to many excessive failures of rechargeable Li-metal cells beforehand, Li-ion cells have undergone a tremendous evolution in the last few decades and have been widely utilized for energy storage in different portable, computing, and telecommunicating devices as well as electrified transport vehicles. Increasing the energy density of Li-ion batteries to accomplish the actual demand of electrified vehicles is of importance. Capacity retention, lifetime, fast and low temperature charging, and safety performance of the cells still require improvements. These challenging demands are all directly or indirectly influenced by lithium deposition [8,9,10]. The appearance of metallic lithium on the surface of carbon particles is a complex function of temperature, aging, and cycle loads

Results

Discussion

Conclusion