Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA), a phenolic acid, is a powerful antioxidant with proven effectiveness. CA instability gives it limited use, so encapsulation in polymeric nanomaterials has been used to solve the problem but also to obtain topical hydrogel formulas. Two different formulas of caffeic acid liposomes were incorporated into three different formulas of carbopol-based hydrogels. A Franz diffusion cell system was used to evaluate the release of CA from hydrogels. For the viscoelastic measurements of the hydrogels, the equilibrium flow test was used. The dynamic tests were examined at rest by three oscillating tests: the amplitude test, the frequency test and the flow and recovery test. These carbopol gels have a high elasticity at flow stress even at very low polymer concentrations. In the analysis of the texture, the increase of the polymer concentration from 0.5% to 1% determined a linear increase of the values of the textural parameters for hydrogels. The textural properties of 1% carbopol-based hydrogels were slightly affected by the addition of liposomal vesicle dispersion and the firmness and shear work increased with increasing carbomer concentration.
Highlights
IntroductionCaffeic acid (CA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, which belongs to the class of phenolic acids, is present in various plant products (coffee beans, apples, potatoes, cabbage, olive oil, wine, tea, berries) [1,2], having important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral [3], antithrombotic [4], and anticancerous properties [5]
Caffeic acid (CA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, which belongs to the class of phenolic acids, is present in various plant products [1,2], having important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral [3], antithrombotic [4], and anticancerous properties [5]
The liposomal formulation with propylene glycol from the hydrogel series with 1% Carbopol 940 (FP II), behaved in the same way, presenting the lowest values of the textural parameters. In this series, a liposomal hydrogel with glycerol (FG II) demonstrated superiority in hardness, compressibility, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness over liposomal hydrogel with isopropyl alcohol. These results suggest that the internal structure of the 1% carbopol hydrogel and, its texture are less affected by the incorporation of liposomes with caffeic acid in the presence of glycerol than isopropanol or propylene glycol
Summary
Caffeic acid (CA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, which belongs to the class of phenolic acids, is present in various plant products (coffee beans, apples, potatoes, cabbage, olive oil, wine, tea, berries) [1,2], having important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral [3], antithrombotic [4], and anticancerous properties [5]. It can be used as an ingredient in the cosmetic industry, in drugs, or in dietary supplements [6]. The encapsulation of caffeic acid helps to improve bioavailability, absorption, and mechanism of action [11,12]
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