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Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide a wide variety of health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. The bacterial strains most frequently used as probiotic agents are lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus reuteri, which is one of the few endogenous Lactobacillus species found in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans, rats, pigs and chickens. L. reuteri is one of the most well documented probiotic species and has been widely utilized as a probiotic in humans and animals for many years. Initially, L. reuteri was used in humans to reduce the incidence and the severity of diarrhea, prevent colic and necrotic enterocolitis, and maintain a functional mucosal barrier. As interest in alternatives to in-feed antibiotics has grown in recent years, some evidence has emerged that probiotics may promote growth, improve the efficiency of feed utilization, prevent diarrhea, and regulate the immune system in pigs. In this review, the characteristics of L. reuteri are described, in order to update the evidence on the efficacy of using L. reuteri in pigs.
Highlights
Antibiotics are a common additive in livestock feed which have been widely used for growth promotion and prophylaxis purposes in farm animals during the past several decades [1]
As interest in alternatives to in-feed antibiotics has grown in recent years, some evidence has emerged that probiotics may promote growth, improve the efficiency of feed utilization, prevent diarrhea, and regulate the immune system in pigs
The aim of this review is to systematically review and update the evidence on the efficacy of using L. reuteri in pigs
Summary
Antibiotics are a common additive in livestock feed which have been widely used for growth promotion and prophylaxis purposes in farm animals during the past several decades [1]. Antibiotic resistance is a looming public health crisis. The use of antibiotics as growth promoters has been forbidden in the European Union, Korea, and Japan. There is increasing interest concerning alternatives to in-feed antibiotics, such as probiotics, prebiotics, plant products and organic acids in the livestock industry [2]. Probiotics have been shown to promote growth, improve the efficiency of feed utilization, modulate the gastrointestinal ecosystem, stimulate the immune system and protect the host from gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases [4]. Probiotics provide a potential alternative strategy to infeed antibiotics [5]
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