Abstract
Finely ground hydroxyapatite caused extensive cell damage when in contact with fibroblastic cells in vitro but not when the cells were separated from the powder by a micro-porous membrane. LDH was released by the damaged cells. The fine particles also caused haemolysis of red cells (reduced when the particles were ground in serum). It appears that the cells undergo a direct, physical interaction with the particles, independent of any toxicity caused by soluble components, probably causing damage to the cell membrane. It is suggested from previous work that only particles smaller than about 5 μm are able to cause cell damage by this mechanism.
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