Abstract
The photochemical behavior of doxazosin (DOX) in simulated environmental conditions using natural waters taken from local rivers as a solvent was studied. The chemical characteristics of applied waters was done and a correlation analysis was used to explain the impact of individual parameters of matrix on the rate of the DOX degradation. It was stated that DOX is a photoliable compound in an aqueous environment. Its degradation is promoted by basic medium, presence of environmentally important ions such as Cl−, NO3−, SO42− and organic matter. The kinetics of DOX reactions with OH− and SO4− radicals were examined individually. The UV/H2O2, classical Fenton and photo-Fenton processes, were applied for the generation of hydroxyl radicals while the UV/VIS:Fe2(SO4)3:Na2SO2 system was employed for production of SO4− radicals. The obtained results pointed that photo-Fenton, as well as UV/VIS:Fe2(SO4)3:Na2SO2, are very reactive in ratio to DOX, leading to its complete degradation in a short time. A quantitative density functional theory (DFT) mechanistic study was carried out in order to explain the molecular mechanism of DOX degradation using the GAUSSIAN 09 program.
Highlights
Recent environmental studies show an appearance of new atypical compounds in aquatic ecosystems on a global scale
This paper presents the results of studies on kinetics of doxazosin (DOX) degradation under influence of light and some selected advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
Experiments done with laboratory solutions demonstrated that DOX direct photolysis is promoted by the basic medium and proceeds faster under the influence of UV light
Summary
Recent environmental studies show an appearance of new atypical compounds in aquatic ecosystems on a global scale. Some of them are natural components of an environment, making their presence detectable due to advancements in sample preparation procedures [2,3,4], as well as new detection techniques [5,6,7] They have been detected in clean surface waters at few ng dm−3 levels while in polluted waters in the range from a few to hundreds of μg dm−3 [8,9]. Many EOC-s compounds do not cause acute toxicity, but their presence in the environment entails a number of adverse changes, including interference in animal as well as human endocrine systems [1]. Compounds that exhibit such activity or are suspected of it are named
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